Research into medicinal cannabis – findings and promises

Medicinal cannabis contains, among other substances, cannabinoids. Cannabinoids appear to have an effect in the body because they act on specific sites, namely specific cannabinoid receptors. The body itself also produces substances that act on these receptors, known as endocannabinoids. These endocannabinoids differ significantly in structure from the cannabinoids produced by the cannabis plant, but they act on the same system: the endocannabinoid system. Through this system, the body helps maintain balance, for example in metabolism.

Alterations in disease processes

In a number of disease processes, researchers have observed abnormal numbers of cannabinoid receptors in the body. This suggests that the endocannabinoid system, and therefore medicinal cannabis, may play a role in the treatment of such conditions. Whether this is actually the case must, of course, be investigated further.

Ongoing research and publications

Research into medicinal cannabis is ongoing, and study results are published regularly. These studies are often partially or fully available online. People who have been diagnosed with a particular condition may encounter such studies during their online search for information.

Animal studies and in vitro research

It is important to consider what the findings of such research actually mean. Some studies have been conducted only in animals. From these studies, it cannot be concluded that the findings necessarily apply to humans. Research may also be conducted on a cluster of cells in a test tube, so-called “in vitro” research.

For example, certain cancer cells in a test tube may respond (disappear) when medicinal cannabis is administered. This promising result is often clearly highlighted by the authors of the study. However, a promising response in a test tube does not mean that people can be cured. Authors often state that further research is needed to investigate effects in humans, but such statements are sometimes overlooked.

Human studies: interpretation remains important

Even when research has been conducted in humans, it is important to carefully assess its value. Some studies involve only a very small number of participants, making the results less certain. The outcome may also be an improvement rather than a cure.

Medicinal cannabis as an addition, not a replacement

What should be done when promising results for medicinal cannabis are found without solid evidence of actual cure? In such cases, medicinal cannabis is not a replacement for existing and proven effective treatments. It may, however, be considered as a possible addition to an existing treatment. It is advisable to always discuss this with the treating physician.